The Debate On Immigration Reform - 958 Words

Abstract: Until the bill passed, much of the debate surrounding the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors, or DREAM Act, brought about legal, ethical, and logistical concerns. Illegal immigration and the population unauthorized alien in the United States were key issues in the ongoing debate on immigration reform. However, the benefits of this bill outweighed its disadvantages. Immigration policies in the United States concerning undocumented workers are strict and direct. Employers are not allowed to employ illegal or undocumented immigrants. The DREAM Act which was enacted by the Obama administration’s announcement of deferred action for deportation of undocumented youths provides alternates. Under the provision of this law, a person is eligible for citizenship if they came to the United states at age 15 or younger, are currently 35 or younger, have been resent in the country for at least five years, completed high school, and completed at least two years of hi gher education or honorably served in the armed forces for at least two years (Guzman Jara, 2012). The advantages of Dream Act as well as its disadvantages on the US economy would be analyzed. Future analysis and other immigrant working situations would also be evaluated. Introduction: Employment policies regarding hiring immigrants have been fairly straight forward since the early nineteenth century. The Unites States law provides employers with several limited ways of employing foreign workers on aShow MoreRelatedThe Congress Debates Over Immigration Reform855 Words   |  4 Pagesright back up to my shoulders. As if I was at the top of the mountain and then had someone push back down. Finding out that the Senate has plans to take down the DACA was as if they were closing the doors to my success. As the Congress debates over immigration reform, August the 15th marks the second anniversary of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. On the 15th of August 2012, President Obama began a policy calling for deferred action towards certain young individuals who cameRead MoreUnited States Immigration Reform : Why The Debate Is At A Standstill?3656 Words   |  15 PagesOwusu Professor Gilmour GOVT 05-06-2015 United States Immigration Reform: Why the debate is at a Standstill â€Å"Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially are descended from immigrants and revolutionists.† –Franklin D. Roosevelt Immigration continues to be is a highly controversial topic in the United States of America. At times it seems that the only common ground that can be found is that the United States immigration system is completely and totally broken. After doingRead MoreImmigration Reform During The United States925 Words   |  4 PagesUncontrolled immigration has been blamed on loss of jobs, higher crime rates and housing problems in the US. While these immigrants play a unique role in the economy, the executive and the legislature have found it necessary to control the inflow of these immigrants for various reasons. A number of laws and immigration policies have been enacted to create order in this issue. How these laws are perceived by immigrants and the general American population has varied and has been a major topic for debate. ImmigrationRead MoreEconomics And Immigration : The Economics Of U.s. Immigration Policy964 Words   |  4 PagesEconomics and Immigration Immigration is a topic on everyone s minds these days. With presidential candidates vying for votes in debates and political campaigns, immigration has been talked about quite a bit. But what is truly known about immigration? Since it is such a divisive issue, it is hard to know what is true and what isn’t. Unfortunately, the information most readily available to us comes in the form of opinionated articles and biased speeches by presidential candidates. Because the informationRead MorePolitical Analysis Of Immigration Reform1433 Words   |  6 PagesLijun Huang Professor Josh Sapotichne PLS 313 April 26, 2015 Political analysis of immigration reform U.S. as an immigration country, has a long history of immigration. It is a complex demographic phenomenon that has been a major source of population growth and cultural change of the United States. People came here because of varies reason, the major reason among them are fleeing crop failure, land and job shortage, rising taxes, and famine. Nearly 12 million people immigrate to the United StatesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Immigration Reform1110 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration reform has been a big debate since 1790. The Naturalization Act of 1790 was the first act to established rules for naturalized citizenship. The citizenship was only granted to those who has live in America for at least two years and is a free white person of good character. Although some rules were set, the policy of immigration reform are full of comprehensiveness (Soergel). Some believe that immigration is a dreadful thing because they take up jobs and bring in terrorists; Other considerRead MoreArticle An alysis: Immigration Reforms901 Words   |  4 PagesCritical thinking Article analyzed: Immigration Reforms The immigration reforms that are yet to be enacted will see the United States government erect a 2000 mile fence along its border with Mexico. The question that still lingers on is whether the erection of this wall will provide a long lasting solution to illegal immigrants issue that has proved to an elephant in the room to the United States Customs and Border Protection agency (Fox News Latino, 2013). The erection of this enormous wallRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1508 Words   |  7 Pagesfamily. These people are immigrants. However, many people immigrate illegally, meaning they do not comply with proper protocol for becoming a U.S. citizen. Throughout the history of America, reformation of immigration policy has already been implicated in federal law. Presently, immigration reforms are being considered to make it easier for foreigners to start a new life in the United States of America. Before the United States declared independence from Great Britain on July 4, 1776, any person whoRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1516 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Pelosi said, It is more important to pass comprehensive immigration reform, to me and to my caucus, than to win the election in November† (Foley, 2014). That was what Joe Garcia was trying to accomplish with his policy H.R. 15. The policy did not improve the sponsor’s chances of being reelected because his ideas in the spectrum were more towards the liberal side than the conservative. As Florida being a red state, a Republican candidate won the election. It came down to what party the candidatesRead MoreThe Border Security Act Of 20131701 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary shortcomings of congress and the reason so many Americans view the legislature as so disconnected with the public. The Border Security bill was drafted to address the mismanagement of the Department of Homeland Security in regard to immigration policy, and would have provided more clear paths to citizenship for millions of undocumented workers. Another bill, the â€Å"Safe Communities, Safe Schools Act of 2013† drafter to tighten gun control in the wake of the Sandy Hook Massacre. The defeat

Salem Witch Trials and New York City Essay - 1912 Words

1) Who were the Puritans and how did Puritans organize their local communities? Why did the religious fervor of New England Puritans decline after 1660? How did the Salem witch episode reflect the tensions and changes in seventeenth-century New England life and thought? The Puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England that had a profound influence on the social, political, ethical, and theological ideas of England and America. Puritans immigrated to the New World, where they sought to found a holy commonwealth in New England. Although the Puritans wanted to reform the world to conform to Gods law, they did not set up a church-run state. Even though they believed that the primary purpose of†¦show more content†¦The colonists were interested in settling in the Ohio River Valley because of its fertile soil. The entry of land speculators caused some concern among the French and Indians who had developed trade relationships among themselves. The British were able to defeat the combined French and Indian forces. This war was conducted at the same time as the Seven Years War in Europe. These conflicts were extremely costly and drained the British treasure. England needed to find ways to save money as well as to increase revenues to the treasury. The result of the French and Indian War was a series of Parliamentary acts which caused colonial anger. EventuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials1647 Words   |  7 PagesAmanda Whitsett Robison History 1301 November 17, 2010 The Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials The events that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 have had historians scrutinizing over the causes for years. There have been several theories about how the situation became so out of control. The haunting story is well known in America, taught to our youth and has been the focus of numerous forms of media. We are familiar with the story but unfamiliar with the origin of itsRead MoreSalem Witches and Ergot of Rye Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesSalem Witches and Ergot of Rye While researching texts written about the Salem Witch Trials, I found a few authors who published articles and books about the Salem Witch Trials. These authors often showed that the most likely cause of the fits coming from the victims was produced by ergot of rye. However, I could not find much discussion about another important source of the fits’ cause: witchcraft. My goal in this paper is to produce a convincing argument that the victims during the Salem WitchRead MoreFear in Salem, Massachusetts and The Crucible Essay734 Words   |  3 Pages Terrorism, inequality, losing your home, or injustice? Salem, Massachusetts during the seventeenth century feared injustices among the government. Individuals hid and lied to keep safe from being condemned as witches. This era of history is known as the Salem Witch Trials. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible explores the Salem Witch Trials while following the lives of several individuals. The fear and mistrust among the seventeenth century Salem society can be directly related to today’s twenty-first centuryRead MoreReasons Behind The Salem Witch Trials1568 Words   |  7 PagesJaquelin Lopez History 1301- Dr.Frawley April 30, 1017 Reasons behind the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 The Salem Witch Trials were a series of trials in the 1690s which accused society members of practicing witchcraft, they took place in Salem, Massachusets. What caused this mass hysteria to occur? Some contributing factors could include some socio-economic reasons, an overbearing Puritan society and the influential sense that witchcraft was taking place all over the world. Massachusetts was settledRead MoreAbdeali Dalal. Dr. Jenkins. History 1301. February 13,1541 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch Hunt of 1692† â€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch hunt of 1692† was penned and published by Richard Godbeer in 2005. Godbeer expressed his views on what he called basic witch trials in Salem and more importantly, in Stamford, Connecticut Massachusetts. The same year that Salem witch hunt and trials began in 1692, another witch hunt took place in Stamford, the Western Connecticut to when a woman (Elizabeth Clawson) from there was also accused of Witchcraft. These witch huntRead MoreThe Crucible And Twelve Angry Men Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagespursuit of justice. In The Crucible John Proctor tries to stop the madness which is the salem witch trials, while in Twelve Angry Men Juror 8 tries to enlighten his fellow jurors that there is reasonable doubt that the boy accused of stabbing his father to death is guilty. In The Crucible John Proctor is an Honest, upright, and blunt-spoken man. He is the main protagonist as Salem is engulfed in which trials based on counterfeit claims resulting in dozens of executions. John is one of the few villagersRead MoreSalem Witch Trial vs Mccarthyism1208 Words   |  5 PagesA review of A Fever in Salem: A New Interpretation of the New England Witch Trials, by Laurie Winn Carlson, Ivan R. Dee, Chicago, 2000; 224 pp. $14.95 Paperback. ISBN: 1-566633095 A FEVER IN SALEM POSITS A biological cause for the early modem witchcraft epidemic, which resulted in the hanging of 19 people in Salem, MA, in 1692. Witchcraft persecution, Laurie Carlson writes, arose because of the strange behavior of the supposedly bewitched accusers. She concludes that the cause was a disease unrecognizableRead MoreSalem Witchcraft Trials : Hysteria And Craziness1470 Words   |  6 PagesSalem Witchcraft Trials This period in America can be summed up in two words: Hysteria and Craziness. The 1692 notorious Salem witch trials started after some young girls from Salem Village, Massachusetts, purported to be possessed by demons. The girls accused some local women of bewitching them. As the wild hysteria spread across Massachusetts, a court was specially set up to listen to the cases. Bridget Bishop was the first witch to be convicted and later hanged in June. Eighteen more wereRead MorePuritans, Quakers, And Witchcraft1416 Words   |  6 PagesFaith LePage HIS 201-112 Professor Newsum 10 November 2014 Puritans, Quakers, and Witchcraft Seventeenth and eighteenth century Puritans arrived in the new world; their morality structured the disciplinary actions toward Quakers, those who were considered witches, and Puritans alike throughout the Massachusetts Bay colony. Puritans Structure and new world have three significant events and one leading man. Puritans on the Mayflower traveling to the Massachusetts Bay colony were led by John WinthropRead MorePuritans and Salem Witch Trials Essay2271 Words   |  10 PagesPuritans and the Salem Witch Trials During the time period of 1691 to 1692 the town of Salem, a small thriving community within the Puritan Massachusetts Bay colony, was struck by widespread hysteria in the form of witch trials. The way these trials and accusations played out are historically unlike any other witch trials found in European and American history. Historians have pointed to a number of economic, political, and social changes of the then existing institutions throughout the Massachusetts

International Rete Distribution Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Rete Distribution Management? Answer: Introduction In the present day business environment, it is important for the firms to take use of the internet mediums for performing their operations (Andam, 2014). It is most essential in marketing. Taking use of marketing through internet mediums helps company reach to larger number of consumers at the same time. At the same time e-commerce market helps in selling products to consumers as per the choice made by the customer (Niranjanamurthy, Kavyashree, Jagannath Chahar, 2013). It also facilitates the consumers sitting at home as they allow them to select from the many options available to them and make purchase through electronic mediums. It has made the process of business easier and more consumers friendly. There are several benefits that are associated with the e-commerce market that will be illustrated in later part of this report. Now many companies have transformed almost all of their business into e-commerce market. This report showcases the benefits of e-commerce market as well the difference between B2B and B2C market. It also throws lights on the experiences that consumers have while using e-commerce market as well as the contrast between e-business and e-commerce. Understanding of E-commerce What is e-commerce? E-commerce is understood to be transaction between the consumers and the service providers through online mediums. In other words it is the selling and buying of the products through online mediums. There are many people that are coming to these sites for making transaction (Barnes Hunt, 2013). Mobile technology has made this process faster and significant. There are three zones of e-commerce namely electric market, online auctions and retails. E-commerce business can also involves online shopping websites for retail sales direct to the consumers, B2B buying and selling, collecting of online data, captivating in pretail for producing new services and products. It also takes use of technologies like e-mail (Chaffey, 2015). Elements of e-commerce E-commerce is having higher scope and there are various things that are included in it. In my understanding e-Commerce is understood to be as the transaction in the ways of buying and selling being done with the use of modern day technologies (Ghobakhloo, M., Arias-Aranda, D., Benitez-Amado, 2011). This has made things easier as the accounting can be easily done and there are no discrepancies due to human errors. Typical e-commerce transactions involve the purchase of online items like book purchases and many other items. Electronic business is supporting E-commerce. It also includes online shopping websites for retail sales direct to the customers, Social media and many other sites for gathering of information, for data interchange, online financial exchanges for trading purposes or currency exchange. People come to these websites for buying any product where multiple companies put their products for online market (Colla Lapoule, 2012). Apart from this it is also used for the mark eting of any products as many kinds of links are also shared at these sites according to the search mad by the consumer. My experience I have been using e-commerce website named Amazon.com. Many consumers use this site for purchase of products. It is due to the fact that large numbers of products are available at these websites and people can easily select from them (Solaymani, Sohaili Yazdinejad, 2012). This site is one of the best in the world as doing business here is easier. I as a customers are very happy with its service. This is due to the fact that purchasing products from the site is easier. Characteristic of the site: It is more versatile and provides a large number of product options to choose from. It is more consumers oriented since people can easily buy any product as the site is more users friendly. Apart from this it is also to be seen that there are many people that are coming to the website for checking of the deals as the site is capable of customising products as per the consumers requirements. All the payments can be done through online mediums with the use of online transaction systems. This site also contains advertisements of products that I have previously purchased or searched for. This site is capable of handling a large number of consumers at the same time. It reduces the extra load on the sales and makes the operations of the firms easier. Products and services offered: This site is offering a large numbers of products and services. Some of the products that it offers are Home products Gift products Luxury products Fashion items Other things like the eatable items It offers services like e-Auction What e-commerce site offers? It is not necessary that an e-commerce site always offers products (Wymer Regan, 2013). Many e-Commerce sites provide services also. In most of the cases e-commerce sites offers products but there are many examples that provides services to the consumers. One of the best of it is the Amazon itself which provides services like E-auction. In this people can buy and sell products through auctions. Amazon is an example of those websites that sells both products and services. Apart from this there are many sites like the once related to the transportation industry like Uber. Differentiate EC and E-business There is a very slight line of difference in between EC and E-business. Both of them are emerging modes of doing business and are highly in use in the modern day business. E commerce is understood to be as the buying selling of products around the web (Khurana, 2017). On the other hand e-business is a bit distinct thing where it is not restricted to commercial transactions only but it is capable of providing various other services. Some other pints of differentiation are as follows: E-commerce is related to the companys dealing with its consumers, suppliers or clients. On the other hand E-business is understood to as undertaking of trade, commerce and industry with the assistance of information and communication technology. Selling and buying of products with the use of internet is understood as e-commerce. On the other hand E-business is an electronic existence of business through which all the operations related to business are performed through the internet. E-commerce is a crucial element of e-business. E-commerce site includes transactions that are associated with financial activities while e-business includes monetary and allied operations (Mazzarol, 2015). E-commerce has an outgoing approach which includes suppliers, customers, distributors, suppliers etc. On the other hand e-business has both kind of approach that covers external and internal processes that are associated with the business. For example sales, marketing and many other activities are done in e-business. E-commerce always gets connected with various other areas of the globe. On the other hand e-business there is use of intranet, internet and extranet are used for connecting with the parties that are associated in the activities. Differentiate between B2B and B2C B2B and B2C are considered to be as the two types of commercial transactions. Here B2C stands for Business to consumers and it is a process of selling products to customers. B2B is understood as business to business and it is understood as the process of buying and selling of goods to other businesses (Da Costa, 2016). There are various processes that can be carried out as the B2B and B2C like marketing. Here the difference between B2B and B2C is explained through these points: B2B personals always seek efficiency with a considerable expertise. On the other hand consumers are more probably is checking for deals entertainment. In B2B purchase activity are more logically and rationally driven whereas customer options are more emotionally prompted. Highly descriptive content is required for the B2B processes i.e. lengthy content can be beneficial in this regard. While in B2C more attractive contents need to be posted, they just need to meet the demands of the consumers. B2B has a much larger chain of commands to tackle with while B2C is relatively shorter. B2C buying cycle is relatively much smaller than that of B2B buying cycle. This due to the reason that in B2B buying cycle includes a comprehensive decision making process. Summary From the above section of the report it can be understood that in the modern times many of the business have taken the root of internet mediums. Due to this reason there are larger numbers of people coming to the sites that is called as e-commerce sites. These sites are the places were various kinds of transactions between buyers and sellers. It is different from that of e-business in which various other tasks can also be done apart from that of e-transactions. Both EC and E-business helps in making the reach of business to larger sections of the market. B2B and B2C are the modes using which business process are done. In B2B there is business between the two businesses only while in the case of B2C there is transaction between Business firm and consumers. Case study of Godiva Gems B2B and B2C transactions in this case This company has adopted online mediums for having B2B and B2C transactions. This helped them to attract larger number of world-wide consumers towards their products. They created their own website from scratch without EC-building tools. For corporates, incentive programs run involving address list of consumers and employees. Why Godiva Decided to go online Godiva decided to go online because there was a significant increase in the chocolate sales. Company wanted to stay ahead of its competitors. This was to become market leader in growing market. Another objective was to sell the products using both online and offline mediums Both to Business (B2B) and Individuals (B2C). B2B and B2C at Godiva In the dynamic growth of e-commerce market it was important to sell products through online mediums. Godiva takes se of its website Godiva.Com so as to take orders from both individuals and Businesses. They run special incentive programs for corporates which includes address list of employees. It made an unsuccessful attempt to look online stores as a physical store. They also attract their individuals (B2C) by taking use of puzzles and games. Its electronic catalogue helps consumers in understanding the product ingredients. It is highly user friendly and also provides live assistance. Summary Godiva Gems in order to have edge in the market when the e-commerce was growing, they started to open B2B and B2C through its online website. It is highly user-friendly site and gives assistance to the customers and business whenever they need. They provide incentives for B2B. They have a high quality website that provides assistance to the individuals (B2C) and Business (B2B). This site can also be accessed through wireless mediums. As another student Godiva gems want to become a market leader and hence planned to sell items using both online and offline mediums. They started selling their products through online mediums with the use of website named Godiva.com. They did not have the e-commerce site that could have an interactive approach. Its incentive plans for consumers is defined and lags many attractive features. Their innovation must be consumer oriented. Examples of EC failures and EC successes Examples of EC failures: com com com Examples of EC Successes: com Flipkart Alibaba There are several reasons why these websites got failed while some got successful. This is due to the reason that eToy.com and Pet.com offered products only for fewer sections of the society and hence were unable to entertain larger numbers of people towards itself. On the other hand sites such as Alibaba and Amazon offer products that are very large in numbers. These sites are more users friendly. Basic Technology Infrastructure In the Book by Gary P. Scnieder, he described about the basic infrastructure of the technology related to Internet and World Wide Web. This book suggests about the infrastructure that will be needed for doing the e-commerce business. It also suggests about the development and use of hardware and software needed for making all the transactions. It also suggests about the types of documents that are used in the e-commerce business (Schneider Gary, 2010). It also suggests about the ways in which message and website is managed with the use of IP addresses. On the other hand Article on Shuler Family website suggests about the ways in which internet works. It indicates about the how the connections are made between the computers with the use of IP and protocols. It gives knowledge about the internal working of the computer working system with the help of internet so that two systems can communicate with each other. It tells about the processes that are involved in order to transmit data f rom one place to another. Both article and book actually described about the ways in which the data is communicated through the internet mediums. The overall description of the technology working has been explained in these two. This System describes the internet connection network between numbers of computers. It suggests about the ways in which data is transferred within the system with the use of various devices. ISP maintains a pool of modems for their dial-in-customers. This set up is known as port server and have access to all the other networks (Shuler, 2017). Various computers are connected with modem that converts signals into the form that can be transmitted through dedicated lines. This is then connected with telephone network. Modem pools helps to connect to larger network. This then connected with router. All the connected routers help in transmitting data on the dedicated path. There are many types of connections that make up the entire network. First and foremost is the connection of the computers with the modems. Then the connection of the modems through dedicated lines is illustrated. This network also explains that ways in which all the routers are connected in the network that helps in transmitting of data on the correct path. A router does this with the help of ISP backbone. The connection to the computers is done with the help of LAN cables. There are various types of strength in the network as it is highly capable of distinguishing between the systems which helps it in sending data to the correct users. Internet is highly capable of sending data to the long distance at a very fast speed. It is also highly capable of maintaining itself i.e. detecting the faults that are present in it. Weakness of the internet is that there are many ways in which data can be hacked and hence it is a threat to piracy of people. Devices present in this network are connected in such a way that there is very less chance of data getting distorted. In these networks engineers have modelled this network in a way that if the ISP port servers fail then also CSU/DSU will help in continuing the connection. If the modem pool fails then also ISP will still be connected to the telephone network. References Andam, Z. R. (2014). e-Commerce and e-Business. Barnes, S., Hunt, B. (Eds.). (2013).E-commerce and v-business. Routledge. Chaffey, D. (2015).Digital business and E-commerce management. Pearson Education Limited. Colla, E., Lapoule, P. (2012). E-commerce: exploring the critical success factors.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,40(11), 842-864. Da Costa, E. (2016).Global e-commerce strategies for small businesses. Mit Press. Ghobakhloo, M., Arias-Aranda, D., Benitez-Amado, J. (2011). Adoption of e-commerce applications in SMEs.Industrial Management Data Systems,111(8), 1238-1269. Khurana, A., 2017. Intercultural communication skills. [Online]. Available at: https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/intercultural-communication.html. [Accessed on: 12th February 2018]. Mazzarol, T. (2015). SMEs engagement with e-commerce, e-business and e-marketing.Small enterprise research,22(1), 79-90. Niranjanamurthy, M., Kavyashree, N., Jagannath, S., Chahar, D. (2013). Analysis of e-commerce and m-commerce: advantages, limitations and security issues.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(6). Schneider, G. P., Gary, P. (2010). Electronic Commerce 2010. Shuler. R, 2017. How Does the internet work. [Online]. Available at: https://www.theshulers.com/whitepapers/internet_whitepaper/index.html. [Accessed on: 12th February 2018]. Solaymani, S., Sohaili, K., Yazdinejad, E. A. (2012). Adoption and use of e-commerce in SMEs.Electronic Commerce Research,12(3), 249-263. Wymer, S., Regan, E. (2013). Influential factors in the adoption and use of e-business and e-commerce information technology (EEIT) by small and medium businesses.E-Commerce for Organizational Development and Competitive Advantage,58.

Soul Surfer Essay Example

Soul Surfer Essay Soul Surfer: A True Story of Faith, Family, and Fighting to Get Back on the Board by Bethany Hamilton. Bethany Hamilton was born into a family of avid surfers. She has felt a unique and passionate love  for the sport of surfing ever since she first got on board when she was a toddler. Bethany had always dreamed of becoming a professional surfer since she first started competing when she was only seven years old. She had everything going for her, wonderful friends, a great sponsor, and a loving and supportive family behind her. Then one day, something tragic happened. It was Halloween morning in 2003. Bethany was surfing with her best friend Alana and the waves werent very big. As Bethany lay on her board, soaking up the beautiful Hawaiian sun, she let her arm dangle in the water. All of a sudden she felt a tug and before she knew it, the water around her was red and a shark had her arm. Bethany and the people close to her were afraid that her surfing career was over. Soul Surfer is an autobiography about Bethany Hamilton. In the book, you get to read about Bethanys life before, during, and after her tragic attack. We will write a custom essay sample on Soul Surfer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Soul Surfer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Soul Surfer specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It is a story of bravery, faith, and love that a thirteen-year- old girl experienced when her life was changed forever. I think Bethany told her story extremely well in this book, and it really made me feel close to her. Bethany writes about her true love for surfing and he struggle to become the best she could be. Soul Surfer is a book that will catch your attention from the very first page. It makes you realize that you should never give up. Bethany is now one of the top surfers competing, and she only has one arm. She still has her friends, sponsor, and of course her family and she has let nothing stop her. I think that Soul Surfer is a truly wonderful and exciting story, and I would recommend it to any of my friends. Although this book is a good choice for anybody, I think that girls about 12-16 would enjoy Soul Surfer the most. Bethanys story has really helped many people open their eyes and see what you can accomplish when you try hard. I think this is an excellent book and if you want to read a book that is inspiring but not sappy, Soul Surfer could just be the book for you. One thing I love is that she talks about her faith throughout the book, but I found it to be totally non-judgmental or preachy. She just explained why it was so important to her, and stressed that she wouldn’t push her faith on anyone else, that it’s a personal decision. You’ve gotta respect a teenager who is willing to do that! I don’t really have too much to say about this book except I thought it was a pretty inspiring read. She seems like a really cool kid (who’s now 21, so not a kid anymore! ) with a great head on her shoulders and a great heart. I would be really interested to read a book she wrote now, now that it’s been eight years since the attack happened. It would be really intriguing to see how her perspective has or hasn’t changed since she was 13 years old (I can only imagine it would be even more positive! ). That was one complaint I read from others online, that the book wasn’t in-depth enough, and while I can understand the fact that they wanted more, not every story like this one needs to be that deep. Besides, she was 14 or 15 when she wrote it.

The 6 Cases of Latin Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives

The 6 Cases of Latin Nouns, Pronouns, and Adjectives There are six  cases of Latin nouns that are commonly used. Another two- locative and instrumental- are vestigial and are not often used.   Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and participles are declined in two numbers  (singular  and  plural) and in six principal cases. The Cases and Their Grammatical Position in Sentences Nominative (nominativus):  Subject of the sentence.Genitive (genitivus):  Generally translated by the English possessive, or by the objective with the preposition  of.Dative (dativus): Indirect object.  Usually translated by the objective with the preposition  to  or  for.Accusative (accusativus): Direct object of the verb and object with many prepositions.  Ablative (ablativus): Used to show means, manner, place, and other circumstances. Usually translated by the objective with the prepositions from,  by,  with,  in, at.Vocative (vocativus): Used for direct address. Vestigial Cases: Locative  (locativus):  Denotes the place where. This vestigial case is often left out of Latin noun  declensions. Traces of it appear in names of towns and a few other words: RÃ… mae (at Rome)  /  rÃ… «rÄ « (in the country). Still another vestigial  case, the instrumental, appears in a few adverbs.​ All the cases, except the nominative and vocative, are used as object cases; they are sometimes called oblique cases (cÄ sÃ… «s oblÄ «quÄ «). Five Declensions of Nouns and Their Endings Nouns are declined according to gender, number, and case (a declension is essentially a fixed pattern of endings). There are only  five  regular declensions of nouns in Latin; there is a sixth for some pronouns and adjectives that end in -ius in the genitive case form.  Each noun is declined according to number, gender, and case. This means that there are six sets of case endings for five declensions of nouns- one set for each declension. And students have to memorize them all. Below are brief descriptions of the five noun declensions, with links to the full declension for each, including the case endings for each declension. 1.  First declension nouns: End in -a in the nominative singular and are feminine. 2. Second declension nouns: Most are masculine and end in -us, -er or -ir.Some are neuter and end in -um. Esse: The all-important  irregular verb esse (to be) belongs to this group.  Words associated with it are in the  nominative  case. It does not take an object and should never be in the accusative case. The following is a sample paradigm* of the second declension masculine noun somnus, -i (to sleep). The case name is followed by the singular, then the plural. *Note that the term paradigm is frequently used in discussions of Latin grammar; a paradigm is an example of a conjugation  or  declension showing a word in all its inflectional forms. Nominative somnus somniGenitive somni somnorumDative somno somnisAccusative somnum somnosAblative somno somnisLocative somni somnisVocative somne somni 3.  Third declension nouns:  End in -is  in the genitive singular.  Thats how you identify them. 4.​ Fourth declension nouns: Ending  in  -us are masculine, apart from manus and domus, which are feminine. Fourth declension nouns ending  in -u are neuter. 5. Fifth declension nouns: End in -es and are feminine.The exception is  dies, which is usually masculine when singular and always masculine when plural.

Trance Dance of the San

Trance Dance of the San The trance dance, which is still practiced by San communities in the Kalahari region, is an indigenous ritual by which a state of altered consciousness is achieved through rhythmic dancing and hyperventilation. It is used for healing sickness in individuals and healing negative aspects of the community as a whole. The trance dance experiences of San shaman are believed to be recorded by southern African rock art.    San Healing Trance Dances The San people of Botswana and Namibia were formerly known as Bushmen. They are descended from some of the oldest surviving lineages of modern humans. Their traditions and way of life may be preserved from ancient times. Today, many have been displaced from their native lands in the name of conservation, and they may be unable to practice their traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle. The trance dance is a healing dance for individuals and the community as a whole. It is their most prominent religious practice, according to some sources. It can take several forms. Many adults, both men, and women become healers in San communities. In one form, the women of the community sit around the fire and clap and sing rhythmically while the healers dance. They sing medicine songs that they learn from their youth. The ritual continues all night long. The healers dance in counterpoint to the rhythm in single file. They may wear rattles attached to their legs. They dance themselves into an altered state, which often includes feeling a great deal of pain. They may scream in pain during the dance. Upon entering the altered consciousness through the dance, the shamans feel healing energy awaken in them, and they are careful to channel it to those who need healing. They do this by touching those who have sickness, sometimes generally on their torso, but also on body parts that are affected by the illness. This can take the form of the healer drawing the illness out of the person and then yelling to eject it into the air. The trance dance can also be used to draw away community ills such as anger and disputes. In other variations, drums may be used and offerings may be hung from nearby trees. San Rock Art and the Trance Dance The trance dance and healing rituals are believed to be depicted in paintings and carvings in caves and rock shelters in South Africa and Botswana. Some rock art shows women clapping and people dancing as in the trance dance ritual. They are also believed to depict rain dances, which also involved trance dancing, capturing a rain dance animal, kill it in the trance state and thus attract rain. San rock art often depicts Eland bulls, which is a symbol of curing and the trance dance according to Thomas Dowson in  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Reading Art, Writing History: Rock Art and Social Change in Southern Africa.† The art also shows hybrids of humans and animals, which may be representations of healers in the trance dance.

Economic Development Middle East and South Asia Essay

Economic Development Middle East and South Asia - Essay Example The dramatic increase of oil prices can be related to the Arab-Israeli war that occurred in the year 1973 and the Iranian revolution which occurred in 1979. The oil producing states in the Middle East have directly benefited from the high export earnings brought by oil earnings. Further, there has been a decrease in the employment opportunities due to the blooming economies of these oil producing states (Askari 9). Non oil producing countries in the Middle East have also benefited even though they do not produce oil. Their citizens have crossed borders to seek for employment opportunities as well as suitable markets for doing business. Further, several citizens in the non oil producing countries have migrated in order to earn money as teachers, construction workers and engineers in the oil fields. The earnings from the employment opportunities for these citizens have very important for the growth of countries like Egypt, Jordan, Yemen and Palestine. During the period of economic development in the oil producing countries in this region, non oil producing countries also gained from the high levels of foreign aid they were able to get from the oil producing countries (Askari 9). The increased oil revenues in the Middle East brought about several developments, especially in the social scene. The country’s infant mortality as well as life expectancy was improved. The infant mortality rates were halved while life expectancy in the Middle East region rose to over ten years. On the education sector, more citizens were able to enroll for school. Adult education levels were also on the rise (Rodney 45). Further, another benefit for increased oil revenues led to the decreased gap between the poor and the rich. This show that while the revenues from oil were increasing, some countries developed faster than the others in their national wealth. The major oil producing countries especially those with low population in the gulf were able to substantially improve the lives of their citizens. The income level per person in these countries would in some cases, surpass those of the European countries. On the contrary, countries such as Jordan and Yemen have remained t o be the poorest in the region as well as in the world (Rodney 45). The economic growth, however, came to a decline in 1986. This period witnessed the decrease of oil prices from $28 per barrel to $10 per barrel. This huge drop in the price of oil was as a result of the overproduction of oil in these states. Consequently, the huge economic gains that had been made started to decrease. This decline in the economy led to the loss of employment opportunities as well as numerous job losses. Further, the non oil producing countries were not able to get foreign aid they had previously enjoyed from the oil producing countries (Rodney 45). Economic future The Middle East is currently being challenged by various factors in their economies. The most evident factor is the rapid population growth. The average population growth in the Middle East currently stands at 3% per year. This means that the population in a given state will double in every 20 years. The increased rate of population growth in this region is one of the highest in the world. The sub Saharan region in Africa still leads in the population growth rate in the world (Askari 10). Large population growth leads to various challenges in the economy and the available resources.

Un Chien Andalou by Salvador Dali and Luis Bunuel Essay

Un Chien Andalou by Salvador Dali and Luis Bunuel - Essay Example The purpose of paper "Un Chien Andalou by Salvador Dali and Luis Bunuel" is to investigate how the corresponding philosophical position of postmodernism influences the aesthetic values of the work of art, the film Un Chien Andalou. Surrealism, which is a part of the philosophy of postmodernism is defined as psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one expresses verbally by means of the written word, or in another manner, the actual functioning of thought. Surrealism is dictated by the thought, in the absence of any control exercised by reason, and devoid of aesthetic or moral concern. Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality â€Å"of certain forms of previously neglected associations, in the omnipotence of dream, in the disinterested play of thought†. It ruins completely all other psychic mechanisms and substitutes itself for them, while solving all the main problems of life. The postmodern philosophy challenges any clear and concise process of identific ation and definition as a part of rationality. Postmodernism rejects common sense and accessibility, scientific reason, philosophical logic, clarity or precision. On the other hand, postmodernism seeks to grasp those elements that escape these processes of definition, and â€Å"celebrates what resists or disrupts them†. A plurality of definitions has now come to describe postmodernism’s multifaceted nature. Examples of postmodern art relate to fracturing, fragmenting, indeterminacy and plurality. Postmodernism is the style of our age.

Theories of Crime Essay Example for Free

Theories of Crime Essay Why do people commit crime? This is relatively strong topic discussed by sociologists that believe criminal or deviant behaviors are not because of ones physical characteristic. This essay will mainly focus on the Functionalist and Conflict Theories of crime. Conflict theorist argue that deviance is deliberately chosen, and often political in nature, where as Functionalist theorist argue that deviance and crime is caused by structural tensions created by social structure. Functionalists argue that people commit crimes because there is something wrong with the society the individual is in, and that this is what causes the individual to commit crime. Crime is caused by the structure of society. Conflict theorists argue that the criminal makes a choice to commit a crime in response to inequalities of the capitalist system (Giddens, 2001). Subcultural functionalist, Albert Cohen, bases his research on the lower classes. Through his research Cohen found that the lower class adolescents were disadvantaged in respect to success in general life. Cohen believed that the lower class were disadvantaged before they even started to achieve. Cohen argued, majority of the lower class children, do not start at the same position as the middle class. Because of this situation, Cohen thought that lower classes children suffered from status frustration (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000). Due to this lower class childrens annoyance with their position within society, Cohen developed the theory that the lower class child would develop or form into a sub-culture where delinquent subculture takes its norms from the larger culture but turns them upside down (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000). Due to the subculture creating goals, by the delinquent, as unattainable within society, Cohen argued that this is a cause of deviance and crime. Basically, with Cohens theory, it is mostly based namely on lower class position. Unfortunately, this only recognises that the lower class has more of a greater possibility of becoming deviant in there behavior, and Cohen disregards crimes of higher class. Another suggestion Cohen makes is that all disadvantaged people will perform acts, of deviant, criminal nature to achieve their goals. An important to understand that this is not always the case. Some individuals choose to work hard within society and its laws to  gain legitimate success (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000). Sociologist Merton, another functionalist, developed the Strain Theory, which he updated from Sociologist Durkheim theory of anomie. Durkheim stated in the anomie theory that circumstances in which social norms are no longer clear and people are morally adrift (ODonnell, 1997). Merton then modified Durkeims statement by instead stating that term anomie is to describe the strain which occurs when individuals experience conflict between their pursuit of societies goals and the means society provides to achieve them (ODonnell, 1997). Merton mainly focuses on various acts which he believed may lead to acts of crime and deviance. Merton believed that there are various goals pushed by society and that surrounded by a set of means to obtain these goals example like hard work, education, and following the law. Merton says that everybody has the ability to achieve these goals, and then with that developed the five models of adapting to the strain. The four models Merton put forward are conformity, innovation, ritualism and rebellion. Conformity is when a person continues to accept goals and the means to obtain these goals even through failure is almost inevitable. Innovation,is the response when the individual accepts the goals set by society but rejects the means (to obtain these goals) set by society (Jones. P, 1996), also merton goes on to say the individual finds a replacement to societies means, this being an illegal act (ODonnell. M, 1997). The third in Mertons theory is ritualism, this is where the means and goals of society are adhered to but the individual has lost sight of the goals and has no interest in the outcome of his/her work (Sociological Inquiry, 2003). The fifth part of Mertons theory is rebellion where the individual rejects both the means and goals set by society, this is recognised as terrorists/radical political parties (P. Taylor , 2002). Cohen and Mertons theories are both that of a functionalists perspective. They both in turn believe crime is needed within society, to indicate there is a problem and in turn that problem can be resolved (Sociological Inquiry, 2003). On the other hand there is the interactionalists perspective on crime and deviance. There are similarities and differences between the functionalists and the conflict theiorists interpretation of why deviance and crime are committed. Stuart Hall is a conflict theorist, whom in 1972 studied the increasing problem of mugging. Hall believed that class position was irrelevant in respect of the victom (ref). He researched and discovered that muggers targeted people whom appeared to come from a similar background to themselves, instead than the poor class stealing from the lower class. Hall believed that the source of moral panic was not the underlying economic problem (Haralambos and Holborn, 2000). This opinion is in completely different to that of both Cohen and Merton who both identify class as a major factor in crime, and both based their theories on the lower classes. Hall is belief and research concluded that the individuals within society committing the crimes where individuals in society forced into crime due to the nature of the economic situation. Talking another theorists view, Marxist, Hall argues that it is As Hall takes a Marxist view on crime some sociologists argue that economic situation is the cause for crime and deviance which is unavoidable. However Halls study is based upon statistics which maintain no bias. Halls study, like that of Cohen and Mertons, focuses on class. But unlike others sociologists i.e. Cohen and Merton, it acknowledges that criminals can/do target individuals in similar social situations as themselves. Cohen and Mertons studies gave the impression that the lower classes select the upper classes and intentionally harm them. This study clearly states that anyone is liable to become a victim of crime and acknowledges the influence of the media on crime. Living in a world where the media has such a large influence upon people it is easy to see how many crimes are exaggerated on television and in the newspapers, the term moral panic used by Hall is a good description. Ian Taylor, Paul Walton and Jock Young, new criminologists with studies leading towards Marxist perspective, have developed the theory which they believe criminals and deviants choose to break the laws set by society and decline out of free will. And do believe are influenced by external factors. Taylors view, according to the free will theory, is This theory is completely different to the Functionalists theorists whom believe the opposite. the meaningful attempt by the actor to construct and develop his own self-perception (Haralambos and Holborn, 1991). The free will theory developed by new criminology This strand of new criminology does not acknowledge or support the link of why crimes and deviant acts are commited through theories like anomie, physiological perspectives and those which include the forming of a subculture. Taylor, Paul and Jock are in complete contrast to the functionalist opinions and actually see crime and deviance as actively struggling to alter capitalism (Giddens, 2001). They see crime, more often than not, as a deliberate act, with a political basis against the state. They have a liberal view on the capitalist society and its restrictions and would base much devotion on the freedom of a future society (M. Haralambos, M. Holborn, 2000). They believe that ethnic minorities, homosexuals and drug users should not be persecuted but accepted by society (M. Haralambos, M. Holborn, 1991). In conclusion this document discussed that functionalists and conflict theorists have opposing views in relation to the nature and cause of crime and deviance. It has discovered that functionalists see crime and deviance as a product of society. Unlike conflict theorists perceive crime and deviance as choice chosen by the criminal. The functionalists determine that the environment determines and influences the opportunities given to an individual. Individuals have choices in the way they interpret and act upon the opportunities society provides conflict theorists state. The theories present in this document help to form a larger picture looking into cause and affects of crime and deviance. REFERENCE LIST Giddens. A, (2001), _Sociology_, Polity Press, fourth Edition, UK Jones. P, (1996), _Studying Society Sociological Theories and Research Practices_, Collins Educational, London M. Haralambos, M. Holborn, (1991), _Sociology themes and perspectives_, Third edition, Harper Collins, London M. Haralambos, M. Holborn, (2000), _Sociology themes and perspectives_, Fifth edition, Harper Collins, London ODonnell. M, (1997), _Introduction to Sociology_, Fourth edition, Nelson, London P. Taylor, (2002), _Sociology in focus_, Causeway Press, UK Sociological Inquiry (2003), _Anomie and Strain: Context and Consequences of Mertons Theories_ (Vol. 73 Issue 4 Page 471 November 2003), viewed May 5, 2008. http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/5728.php

Whorf Essay :: essays research papers

In â€Å"An American Indian Model of the Universe,† Whorf uses the Hopi culture as an example to demonstrate that perception is determined by language. According to Whorf, speakers of Hopi and non-speakers of Hopi can never perceive the universe the same way. Whorf believes that the Hopi culture â€Å"has no general notion or intuition of time†(370), referring to the absence of the word â€Å"time† in the Hopi language as well as the past, present, and future tenses in the Hopi grammar. He describes the Hopi grammar as having only the â€Å"manifested† and the â€Å"manifesting†(372), which roughly translates to the known and the unknown respectively. Something manifested or objective can include a past event, something that is occurring right now, as well as anything that can be grasped by the physical senses. Conversely, the subjective or the manifesting covers not only the future but also anything that is abstract or inaccessible to the physical senses, such as â€Å"mentality, intellection, and emotion†(372). Anything subjective in the Hopi language is associated with the verb â€Å"tunà ¡tya†(374), or hope. According to Whorf, â€Å"the word is really a term which crystallizes the Hopi phil osophy of the universe†(374). It contains the combined idea of â€Å"‘thought,’ ‘desire,’ and ‘cause,’†(374) but is at the same time associated with inanimate objects and involuntary actions; â€Å"the Hopi see [hope] in the growing of plants, the forming of clouds and their condensation in rain†¦ and in all human hoping, wishing, striving, and taking thought: and as most especially concentrated in prayer†(374). While it is true that â€Å"the Hopi language has no word quite equivalent to our ‘time,’†(375) the essence of time remains despite their not having a word to define it. If told by an elder to keep a fire going, a Hopi fireguard observing a fire pit can mentally grasp the urgency of the fire needing more wood by taking note of the color of the embers. A cowboy with a pocket watch observing from a distant hill may notice the young Hopi getting up to replenish the pit with firewood every forty-five minutes. But the fireguard does not think in terms of seconds, minutes, or hours. He is merely using his observation of the embers to gauge time the same way the cowboy tells time looking at his watch. By reading the color of the sky, or the position of the sun, a Hopi walking in the desert will most likely know how fast he would have to walk in order to get to a certain location before dark. Whorf Essay :: essays research papers In â€Å"An American Indian Model of the Universe,† Whorf uses the Hopi culture as an example to demonstrate that perception is determined by language. According to Whorf, speakers of Hopi and non-speakers of Hopi can never perceive the universe the same way. Whorf believes that the Hopi culture â€Å"has no general notion or intuition of time†(370), referring to the absence of the word â€Å"time† in the Hopi language as well as the past, present, and future tenses in the Hopi grammar. He describes the Hopi grammar as having only the â€Å"manifested† and the â€Å"manifesting†(372), which roughly translates to the known and the unknown respectively. Something manifested or objective can include a past event, something that is occurring right now, as well as anything that can be grasped by the physical senses. Conversely, the subjective or the manifesting covers not only the future but also anything that is abstract or inaccessible to the physical senses, such as â€Å"mentality, intellection, and emotion†(372). Anything subjective in the Hopi language is associated with the verb â€Å"tunà ¡tya†(374), or hope. According to Whorf, â€Å"the word is really a term which crystallizes the Hopi phil osophy of the universe†(374). It contains the combined idea of â€Å"‘thought,’ ‘desire,’ and ‘cause,’†(374) but is at the same time associated with inanimate objects and involuntary actions; â€Å"the Hopi see [hope] in the growing of plants, the forming of clouds and their condensation in rain†¦ and in all human hoping, wishing, striving, and taking thought: and as most especially concentrated in prayer†(374). While it is true that â€Å"the Hopi language has no word quite equivalent to our ‘time,’†(375) the essence of time remains despite their not having a word to define it. If told by an elder to keep a fire going, a Hopi fireguard observing a fire pit can mentally grasp the urgency of the fire needing more wood by taking note of the color of the embers. A cowboy with a pocket watch observing from a distant hill may notice the young Hopi getting up to replenish the pit with firewood every forty-five minutes. But the fireguard does not think in terms of seconds, minutes, or hours. He is merely using his observation of the embers to gauge time the same way the cowboy tells time looking at his watch. By reading the color of the sky, or the position of the sun, a Hopi walking in the desert will most likely know how fast he would have to walk in order to get to a certain location before dark.

Low cost airlines are an environmental disaster

A low-cost carrier or low cost airline is an airline that offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services. The concept originated in the United States before spreading to Europe in the early 1990s and subsequently to much of the rest of the world. The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a low – or lower – operating cost structure than their competitors. Through popular media the term has since come to define any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services regardless of their costs. While most discount airlines have more fuel-efficient fleets than older carriers, their significant contribution to sky traffic is unprecedented. Commercial passenger airlines, especially low cost and Internet sales-based carriers, are experiencing growth internationally. In the United States, airline flight sales dropped 30 percent directly following September 11, but have since made a comeback and are now experiencing slow but steady growth.Today, the U.S. has been able to maintain its place as the leading nation in air travel, and North America accounts for 40 percent of worldwide air traffic. Low-cost airlines such as Jet Blue Airways have led this domestic growth, topping the Bureau of Transportation charts for domestic profit gains. Airline sales in Asia are escalating as well, and the skies are becoming increasingly more crowded. In China alone, the market is projected to grow more than 200 percent from 1999 to 2014. While these flares may seem like a dream come true for low-budget travelers, the resulting surge in air traffic carries with it major environmental costs. Even with the more fuel-efficient technology that has evolved over the last 30 years, air travel remains a significant contributor to climate change. Air transport has increased twice as fast as road transport over the last 40 years. Air travel produces more carbon dioxide per km travelled for each passenger than car travel. There are clearly environmental effects increasing as a result of air travel, while others are decreasing or staying constant. Environmentalists say airlines rate as one of the most polluting forms of transport, with 16,000 commercial jets producing over 600 million tonne of carbon dioxide every year. Meanwhile, precise guidelines on international aircraft emissions are excluded from the Kyoto Protocol, with the stipulation that airline emission reform must be taken up by a separate organization, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Internationally, fuel used for aviation is tax exempt, and according to ICAO Secretariat John Crayston, â€Å"While the ICAO has established emissions standards for certain emissions there are no standards for CO2.† The International Air Transport Association (IATA) estimates that aviation's share in climate change is at about 3.5 percent of the total contributions, which is predicted to climb to five percent by 2050. According to the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), aerosol particles that are emitted in aviation such as soot, metals and sulfuric acid can indirectly influence climate change by causing additional cirrus clouds to form, which in turn trap the heat rising from the Earth's surface. The IPCC projects an overall global temperature increase from 34.7 to 40.1 degrees Fahrenheit between 1990 and 2100. Unlike in the US where a large number of domestic flights emit carbon dioxide over one area, the SDC has said that 97% of UK air transport is non-domestic, with carbon dioxide emissions generated on flights between countries. PARIS – The European boom in †low-cost† airlines, fueled by tax incentives, is increasing the level of toxic gases in the atmosphere and displacing less polluting and more efficient means of transportation for shorter distances, like trains. The Kyoto Protocol and the UK government's energy White Paper targets do not currently cover emissions from international aviation, as there is no global agreement on the allocation of these emissions to countries. It may not mean that the industry would be destroyed, but there are much more efficient and effective tools when it comes to dealing with emissions. One other possibility that has been put forward by the airline industry is emissions trading. Numbers passing through UK airports expected to double to 400m by 2030.Air travel is growing globally at about 5% a year. At the forefront of this revolution are the low-cost, no-frills carriers such as Ryanair, Easyjet and Buzz, which are growing at a phenomenal rate. In June, Easyjet passenger numbers were up more than 50% on the same month last year. Ryanair increased by 34% and Go saw an incredible 72% rise. The lesson learned from these airlines, especially post-11 September, is as clear as it is simple – the cheaper your fares, the more people will fly. But if air travel is allowed to grow unchecked in this way, it will spell disaster for the planet, say environmentalists. More flights mean bigger, busier airports, which in turn means more noise and growing problems with air quality for those who live and work close to airports. But perhaps the biggest concern is the effect on global warming. The problem for environmentalists is that while efforts are being made to cut CO2 emissions from cars and industry, nothing is being done to rein in the airlines. Climatic change Burning aviation fuel releases greenhouse gases predominantly carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, causing the Earth to heat up leads to global warming and the process of climate changes such as higher sea levels, devastating floods and droughts. Air traffic worldwide produces emissions of more than 600 million tons of carbon dioxide. In addition, it releases nitrates, ash, sulfates and water vapor. Some of these substances deplete ozone in the atmosphere. This layer of ozone gas is crucial for protecting life on Earth from the Sun's harmful rays. Flying also releases nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides, and even the vapour trails – contrails – left by planes are thought to be a hazard. It's been suggested that they add to the insulating effect of cirrus clouds on our climate. The Britain-based environmental group Tourism Concern predicts that by 2015 half of the annual destruction of the ozone layer will be caused by commercial air traffic and the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change estimates aviation causes 3.5 per cent of man-made global warming and that figure could rise to 15 per cent by 2050. NASA scientists say condensation trails from jet exhausts create cirrus clouds that may trap heat rising from the earth’s surface. This could account for nearly all the warming over the United States between 1975 and 1994. The guidelines on international aircraft emissions were excluded from the Kyoto protocol on climate change and aviation fuel is tax exempt. Aerospace firms have made huge leaps forward, with commercial jets now 70 per cent more fuel efficient per passenger kilometre (mile) than they were 40 years ago, thanks to better engines, lighter materials and aerodynamic designs. Optimists, including Easyjet, pin their hopes on technology to make planes more efficient. And cost-obsessed carriers are continuously searching for ways to use capacity better, find more direct flight paths and cut congestion in order to trim the hefty fuel bills which make up 25 per cent of airline operating costs. Most discount airlines have young, more fuel-efficient fleets and newer airlines in regions such as Asia have leap-frogged older technologies to buy new planes. Hundreds of flights by subsidized airlines in Europe are endangering the global climate and the ozone layer. For now, they fly free of environmental regulations. The industry believes this Air Passenger Duty (APD), which raises  £800m a year, can be regarded as a form of environmental compensation. It may not mean that the industry would be destroyed, but there are much more efficient and effective tools when it comes to dealing with emissions. Since April this year, airlines that use Heathrow Airport have been charged for nitrogen oxide emissions and carriers emitting less receive a rebate. This will happen in Gatwick in a year or so. One other possibility that has been put forward by the airline industry is emissions trading. Under this scheme, to help with the environmental costs caused by civil aviation pollution, by 2008, the industry would pay for other industries, such as the nuclear fuels sector, to reduce their carbon emissions. The proposal has been put forward to the European Commission, and includes an incentive for airlines to pay less into emissions trading if they use more environmentally friendly aircraft. The FOE says emissions trading, and the proposal to differentiate landing charges at airports according to noise levels and air pollution, outlined in last year's aviation White Paper, has potential. The issue of an aviation fuel tax is not top of the international climate change agenda, because it will have to be confronted at a global level. There are a lot of domestic issues the government has to deal with, areas that damage the environment more than the 5% of carbon dioxide emissions caused by the airline industry.On this basis, the likelihood of low-cost air fares rising in the near future is an unlikely one. References BBC news Europe. 2005 . EU plans airline CO2 reductions. [online] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/europe/4287048.stm . [ 18 November 2006] Christian Dietsche. 2005. The high price of low-cost airlines. [online] http://www.cafebabel.com/en/ [18 November 2006] Daniel Mann. 2004. Calls to control low-cost flights.[online]   [ 18 November 2006] Jonathan Duffy. 2002. The high price of low-cost airlines. [online] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/low/uk/2327487.stm [ 19 November 2006] Julio Godoy.2004. EUROPE: The True Cost of Flying. [online] http://www.ipsnews.net/africa/interna.asp?idnews=26687 Michael Smith. 2006. Branson launches plan to cut aviation emissions.[online]. http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/reuters/060927/business/business_airlines_virgin_col Nicolas E. Antoine . , Ilan M. Kroo. 2002. Aircraft optimization for minimal environmental impact. 9th AIAA/ISSMO Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization. 4-6 September 2002, Atlanta, Georgia

The Health Sector In Bahrain Health And Social Care Essay

The chief intent of this study is to garner some concrete informations about the wellness sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study chiefly high spots and addresses two of the most significant subjects, like Employability accomplishments and accomplishments spread in the wellness sector. Furthermore, the study will place the functions of the employees and the impact that they have left in the wellness community. Additionally, a quantitative information about the wellness sector will be elaborated through an up-dated statistical diagram. This study will educate people and do them aware about the wellness sector and promote them to derive accomplishments for success in this of import sector.Footings of MentionThis study was requested from several coachs in the university, chiefly from the Academic Skills, IT, and the English coach. The study is due on the 17th of June ; this study will finally be evaluated and assessed by the abovementioned coachs.MethodThe procedure was chiefly done through an accurate Internet use ( authorities web site, educational web site ) . Besides some information was picked up from booklets of the Ministry of wellness every bit good as from local newspapers. The information gathered was later confirmed by a personal meeting with public functionary.FindingssHealth sector in BahrainThe wellness sector is an indispensable fundamental for all states ; this system should be served and provided even if a state is non good developed. Every state should reform its basic wellness resources to suit its public demands of wellness attention demands by offering full best available installations i.e. Hospitals, private nursing place, medical and dental pattern work, ambulance transit, complementary medical specialty and other different human wellness activities. In Bahrain the health care sector has been identified as an untapped economic country, whereby it has opened doors for international companies that can distribute wellness attention services and merchandises in a wider scope. www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary? health+care+sectorServicess of wellness sector in BahrainThe Kingdom of Bahrain is working towards making a healthy state by kick offing medical services and supplying a comprehensive health care system to its public. In drumhead the authorities of Bahrain has fundamentally implemented a strategic educational program, to develop this sector by leting Bahraini pupils to analyze abroad and pattern their profession. Another major subscriber to the docket is the medical college of wellness scientific disciplines ‘ which is edifice and developing a future coevals of professionals, who are equipped with advanced and latest cognition. This college patterns the latest surgical developments such as keyhole surgery and conveyance surgery. Furthermore, full medical health care installations are available through private and public systems, which include: Three full service private infirmaries staffed by both Bahraini and non Bahraini professionals ‘ covering with the diagnosing and intervention of disease. Four authorities infirmaries 19 authorities wellness centres Five authorities pregnancy infirmaries Numerous private forte clinics The Health system in Bahrain provides besides full insurance coverage for both private and public sectors, ( BIME staff 2004 ) .The betterment of wellness sector in BahrainBahrain has achieved success in supplying an impressive wellness system. Harmonizing to Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali Alhayki, the wellness sector in Bahrain grew drastically and evidently because of the important addition of the state ‘s population, which later increased the figure of private and authorities infirmaries during the past twosome of old ages, to supply and suit more medical services. ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . The colleges of wellness scientific discipline have graduated nurses and extremely qualified professionals who were recruited instantly in assorted infirmaries in the land. In add-on, Bahrain has an efficient inoculation plans which keeps catching diseases under control and the infective diseases of childhood have been about eradicated. The development of the wellness services in Bahrain were besides encouraged by its close Nabors ( Arab GCC states ) Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, which have contributed in sums of us $ 50 million and us $ 58 million in 2003 and 2004, to fundamentally better the medical system in the part, ( WHO 2010 ) . As a consequence of the wellness development, the citizens of Bahrain are holding an advanced degree of wellness services today, and the life mean anticipation for both sexes have increased dramatically from being 58 old ages old during the period 1965-1971 to 73.98 old ages in 2004 ( 71.52 old ages for males and 76.51 old ages for females ) . Health talkers in Bahrain are considered to be the best in the part, as this information was officially authenticated by the universe ‘s wellness organisation, ( BIME staff 2004 ) .Skills spread in the wellness sector in BahrainThe wellness sector in Bahrain demands for more extended alterations, as the economic system and labour market in Bahrain is turning of course. Therefore, this sector requires a batch of attention to supply greater wellness services non merely for Bahrain but besides to neighbour gulf states and chiefly to keep the county ‘s future model traveling frontward. However, this sector has a batch of accomplishments lacks that need to be tackled and rectified consequently. Harmonizing to Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali Alhayki, some of the identified accomplishments spreads in this sector are as follow: Disaster Management skills – including ambulatory and exigency services accomplishments. The Medical Sector in peculiar faces deficit of nursing accomplishments. Cardinal Skills – for illustration Arabic and English communicating accomplishments are required, ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . To cast more visible radiation on the above mentioned facts, I believe that the wellness sector growing chances in Bahrain could be impacted by a deficit of nursing Skills, harmonizing to the Royal College of sawboness in Ireland, one of the universe ‘s prima international medical schools. The Bahraini wellness sector is turning quickly but this growing could be affected by the deficiency of trained nurses from national populations. Therefore, the Kingdom of Bahrain has late opened this college to guarantee that the Medical University in Bahrain covers a comprehensive platform and to efficaciously back up the development of this underserved accomplishment. ( BIME staff 2004 ) . Furthermore, there is a strong demand for medical professionals to acquire sensitized with simple elements in their profession. Doctors should fundamentally cognize how to manage patients with better hearing accomplishments, interpersonal accomplishments, and communicating accomplishments. There is no uncertainty that they are first-class at their proficient accomplishments ( i.e. medical profession accomplishments ) , but on the other manus they should larn how to manage patients by utilizing basic cardinal communicating accomplishments i.e. ( Arabic & A ; English ) . As patients come from assorted states and effectual hearing will assist to understand the job better. ( Soft accomplishments in medical, 2008 ) The chief causes of those obstructions and challenges are being addressed by authorities functionaries, as they are cognizant of those cardinal challenges and they are seeking to turn to them through their strategic program, which was implemented in 2007-2010, such as: â€Å" Stagnating rewards. Standards of life. Low accomplishments development. Expansion of the lower category. Business public presentation. Wayss of implementing enforcement and standardisation. † ( Gulf daily intelligence, 2010 )Occupations in the wellness sectorThe director in the wellness sectorMentioning to Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali Alhayki, said that director is the individual responsible of directing and pull offing his employees, supplying and forming preparation plans for the staff to be effectual and efficient. For illustration, a nurse director supervises and evaluates employees, and works with patients to supply aid for wellness attention ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . Directors ‘ occupation involves interaction and communicating with others with a immense figure of issues under hard fortunes. Besides the director has other missions and responsibilities such as oversing all countries of infirmary, including doctors, wellness information technicians, nursing, medical records and etc, ( Education-portal 2010 ) . Furthermore, the accomplishments required to transport out the occupation of infirmary director are interchanging information, processing paperwork, commanding public presentation, planning, co-coordinating, encouraging, and pull offing struggles, ( Human Resources Institute1990 ) . The impact of the director in the wellness sector is to accomplish the wellness sector ends by engaging and choosing the most qualified and good experient physicians and nurses that are capable to present quality services to the patients.The seller in the wellness sectorMarketer is a individual who ‘s responsible of advertisement and advancing the merchandises and services that are offered by the well-thought-of entity. As Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali Alhayki said, the sellers are involved in educating people about the effects of misapplying drugs by puting up educational promoting runs ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . Besides sellers are the front face of a company, as this function requires a batch of accomplishments and makings. Every selling officer should hold first-class and influential communicating accomplishments to fundamentally interact with clients in a really efficient mode.The comptroller in the wellness sectorAn comptroller is a compulsory function in every orga nisation, as they are qualified and trained for clerking, Auditing and fixing the fiscal analysis of the entity The Hospital comptroller ‘s chief responsibilities are fixing fiscal documents, supplying monthly studies to fundamentally verify and guarantee whether the fiscal information generated is accurate, the comptroller besides fixing infirmaries studies and makes fiscal determinations ( 1999-2010 ehow, Inc ) . The accomplishments that are required and should be related to an comptroller are as follows: Develop fiscal and other operational systems to accurately command the fiscal activities Train and supervise accounting forces Make sound fiscal determinations and recommendations to direction in respects to professional accounting jobs. Interpret and use legal demands and administrative policies to accounting maps. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.co.monterey.ca.us/personnel/documents/specifications/20B91.pdf Harmonizing to Mr. Abdul Hakeem Ali, the comptrollers have a monolithic impact on the wellness sector because they play a major function in this field because they work together with the infirmary direction in finalising the ministry of wellness one-year budget. They besides oversee ministry ‘s entrance and outgoing disbursals ( personal communicating, May 6, 2010 ) . Without their intercession and assistance the ministry of wellness will non be able to accomplish their ends and marks.

Foundations of Behavior

Foundations of Behavior Introduction An understanding of the historical perspectives of psychology is useful in helping us to better appreciate the modern day psychology. The essay endeavors to examine three theories of psychology: behaviorism, cognitive, and humanistic. Further, the essay shall also provide an example that represents each one of these three perspectives. The similarities and differences that characterize the three perceptive of psychology shall also be addressed, along with how each one of them influences psychology today.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Foundations of Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Behaviorism theory of psychology Such famous psychologists as B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson are strong advocates of behavioral psychology. The first half of the twentieth century saw behavioral theories heavily dominate the field of psychology (Baum, 2005). Behavioral techniques are nowadays being used mo re often for therapy. These modern techniques enable psychologists their o assist clients to comprehend the upcoming skills and behaviors better. Behaviorism may be regarded as more of a philosophy whose position is that in order to be regarded as a science, there is need for psychology to emphasize more on that which can be observed, that is, behaviors and the environment, as opposed to that which is only available at an individual level-images, thoughts, feelings, and perceptions (Plotnik, 2005). The latter are characterized by a certain level of immunity and subjectivity in as far as the issue of measurements is concerned and as such, they are less likely to result in an objective science. An example of the behaviorism theory of psychology is the classical conditioning developed by Ivan Pavlov, and which builds on reflexes. Classical conditioning usually begins with a reflex and an unconditioned stimulus. Once the unconditioned stimulus is relayed, the desired response is receive d since it relates the given unconditional stimulus with a reflex. Once this has been repeated a number of times, eventually, the actual response is elicited by the neutral stimulus. We then rename the neutral stimuli as the conditioned stimulus. On the other hand, we refer to the response as the conditioned response. Cognitive theory of psychology Cognitive theories endeavor to better explain the behavior of humans through a better understanding of their thought processes. In this case, the theories assume that as logical beings, humans are in a position to identify the most sensible choices. An example of the cognitive theory of psychology is the Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget is credited with having developed the Piaget Theory.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although mainly referred to as the developmental stage theory, nonetheless , this theory is primarily involved with the nature of knowledge as well as the process of knowledge acquisition by humans, and its application. Through cognitive theories, psychologists are better able to study the different stimuli that motivate people. In addition, they are also able to study the problem solving ability of individuals their decision making processes, and processes of thinking. Humanistic theory of psychology The humanistic theories of psychology started to gain immense popularity in the 1950s. Prior to the 1950s, the prevailing theories in psychology stressed more on both the abnormal as well as psychological problems. On the other hand, the humanistic theories are more concerned with the basic goodness possessed by human begins. The humanistic theories were developed by such famous humanistic theorists as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. The main focus of humanistic psychology was therefore on the potential of an individual. In addition, the theories also emphasi zed more on the issues of self-actualization and growth (Sun, 2008). The humanistic theorists held the fundamental belief that individuals are by nature innately good. When people are noted to swerve from this natural tendency, this is taken as a start of a social and mental problem. An example of the humanistic theory is the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This theory was developed by Abraham Maslow. In this theory, Maslow reveals how human beings place emphasizes on the immediate needs facing them and once these are fulfilled, they are no longer a priority and as such, attention shift to the next level of needs. This trend goes on in a hierarchical manner, until eventually an individual reaches the pinnacle of the hierarchy of needs: the self-actualization level of needs. The aforementioned theories impact on modern day psychology in various ways. For example, the humanistic theory influences the role played by an individual. In this situation, people receive more credit from humanistic psychology that assists them in determining and managing their mental health state (Schunk, 2008). In addition, humanistic psychology plays an important duty in influencing therapy, education, and healthcare. According to humanist theories, personal and mental growths are part of the natural conditions that humans experience in their lives. By and large, every individual harbors a desire to realize self actualization. To a majority of the psychologists, humanism is a way of life, as opposed to an actual science.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Foundations of Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, cognitive theories place more emphasis on mental processes in as far as the activities of memory perception, problem solving, language, and behaviors are concerned. Cognitive theories concentrate on cognitive methods such as thinking and judging. On the other hand, humanistic emphas izes on an individual’s subjective experiences. This is unlike the behaviorist theories that focus on the definitive factors that are responsible for the determination of behavior. Reference List Baum, W. M. (2005). Understanding behaviorism: Behavior, Culture and Evolution. Oxford: Blackwell. Plotnik, R. (2005). Introduction to Psychology. London: Thomson-Wadsworth Schunk, D. H. (2008). Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective. 5th Ed. New York: Pearson. Sun, R. (2008). The Cambridge Handbook of Computational Psychology. New York:Â  Cambridge University Press.

Practice in Using the Present Perfect in English

Practice in Using the Present Perfect in English Once you understand how to form the past tense of regular verbs, you shouldnt find it difficult to use verbs in the present perfect. All youll need to add is an auxiliary verb (also known as a helping verb)has or have. Using Has and Have With Past Participles Coupled with the auxiliary verb has  or have, a past participle can serve as the main verb in a sentence. Compare these two sentences: Carla worked here for five years.Carla has worked here for five years. The first sentence is in the past tense: Carla once worked here but no longer does. The second sentence carries a different meaning: Carla still works here. We use has or have with a past participle to describe an action that started in the past and is (or may be) still going on. This construction is called the present perfect. The past participle form of a regular verb is identical to the past form: it always ends in -ed: Olga has promised to help me.Max and Olga have finished the race.We have tried to do our best. The auxiliary verbhas or havechanges to agree with its subject (see Correcting Errors in Subject-Verb Agreement), but the past participle itself does not change: Carla has worked here for five years.Carla and Fred have worked here for five years. Use the past tense to show a completed action. Use the present perfect (has or have plus the past participle) to show an action begun in the past but continuing up to the present. Exercise: Forming the Past Tense and the Present-Perfect Complete the second sentence in each set with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Use either the past tense or the present perfect tense (has or have plus the past participle). The first sentence in each pair will help you decide which tense is needed in the second sentence. Mr. Baggins lives in the house next door. He (live) there for the past eight years.We are still raising money for the scholarship drive. So far we (raise) over $2,000.I have gained five pounds since I started my diet. At the same time, I (gain) a craving for Milky Way bars.I watched the Jon Stewart show last night. Then I (watch) David Lettermans program.I have called you several times this week. You (call) me once last spring.Jenny frequently uses the new word processor. Kyle not (use*) it once.Several years ago I stayed two weeks on a farm. I (stay) in the city ever since.Addie shouted in my ear. I turned and (shout) right back.Lu ordered one book from the club last year. He not (order*) anything since.I have never tried to raise chickens. Once I (try) to raise hogs. * The negatives not and never often go between the auxiliary verb and the past participle in the present-perfect tense. Answers has livedhave raisedhave gainedwatchedcalledhas not usedhave stayedshoutedhas not orderedtried

Science and Grammar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Science and Grammar - Essay Example At the same time, science becomes meaningful when it is disseminated to a large group of people. Some people are likely to ignore these facts, but doing so is just refusing to accept the fact and reality. With this in mind, some students and people at large may question the importance of having to write scientific issues and concepts correctly with no grammatical or spelling mistakes. There is no particular and specific definition of science, as more definitions are likely to be created by different people in different academic fields. However, in most cases, science can be perceived to constitute intellectual and practical activity, which may involve the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment (Ray 2). Science from this simple definition can be seen to be important and critical to the lives of people and in the generation and dissemination of knowledge. Students may think that, as long as the main idea in the scientific knowledge has been advanced to the reader, there is no big reason to worry and have concern with regard to grammar and correct spelling. The students may think that these aspects are not important in scientific world. However, students have to know this is not the case or is not a position, and as a teacher, I can support. Just like the way grammar and spelling considerations are important in other fields, students should know that the same applies in scientific world. Just imagine reading scientific piece of knowledge that is full of grammar mistakes and spelling. First, as a reader of such article, one is likely to consider the writer not serious with the work or even the writer to be careless. Moreover, the reader of such article is likely to be discouraged or even to become disinterested in reading such an article from the world go. As a result, the scientific

Bilingualism And Bilingual Education Theories Essay

Bilingualism And Bilingual Education Theories - Essay Example One of the most common theories developed is the balancing theory. The theory, also referred to as the balloon theory, was first proposed by Fritz Heider. The theory is based on a motivational theory of attitude change. The theory draws a picture of the cognitive consistency motive as the primary drive towards a psychological balance. In bilingualism, the theory looks at the theory suggest that the languages in the subject are always in balance provided that the affect valence in the language development multiplies into a positive result (Baker, 2006, P165, Ll2).Jim Cummins one of prominent bilingual and second language researcher proposed the iceberg analogy. The iceberg analogy is a theory that is centered on a more accurate model that depicts the relationship between the mind and the bilingual acquisition (Baker, 2006, P167, Ll7). The model, common underlying proficiency (CUP) is presented in the form of two icebergs. The two icebergs appear separate on the surface an indication o f the outward difference between the two languages. Underneath the surface, the icebergs have fused an indication that both languages are stored in the in a single processing system (Baker, 2006, P165, Ll2). The two languages can access, contribute and make use of the central processing system.Cummins also contributed to the bilingual pool of knowledge by suggesting the threshold theory. This theory places a strong argument on language development in a balanced bilingual individual (Baker, 2006, P167, Ll2).

Ethical issue at Starbucks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical issue at Starbucks - Research Paper Example However, recent discoveries show an otherwise picture (Cross et al 2009). According to Rhetoric Society of America et al (2004), Starbucks has been covering up many things such as serving milk with GM growth hormone in US. Besides, it has been running relentless campaigns of bursting unions. According to Schultz et al (2011), the company is also accused of attempting to block the attempts of Ethiopia to improve the coffee grower’s livelihoods. Furthermore, it has also petitioned a federal judge to accept in past sexual history evidence of a former employee aged 16 years when she took sexual harassment case to court. Despite the fact that the company has sold as standard Fair-trade Coffee since 2009 in all its stores in UK, the rest of the operation globally on the uptake has been slower. The firm has been criticized even for its operations in US by Organic Consumers Association also dragging its feet in Fair-trade launch (Michelli 2007). In addition, Gilbert (2008) points out the order by the US court on Starbucks to pay low wage staff more than $100million in California in a ruling that the workers improperly shared with their bosses some tips although was overturned subsequently after a successful appeal. The lawsuit against Starbucks was for using tactics that are anti competitive to eliminate their competitors. The employees of Starbucks would give out their coffee rights as free sample outside the small shops of coffee in their neighborhoods, thereby gaining more profit and business for themselves. Furthermore, Bussing-Burks (2009) add that they sometimes even tried to buyout other shops of coffee near them. They would sometime sign leases for almost 3 times of the market price to make the landlords not rent it out to other sellers of coffee. Marie et al (2009) adds that Howard Schultz the chief executive officer earned a pay rise of 25% after a cost of $580 million slashed from the company in the year 2009. By analyzing the actions of Starbucks, it is unethical because the stores of small coffee give much to the people in the towns they are located compared to what Starbucks does. Majority of people love small coffee shops with reasonable coffee prices in their surrounding towns. On the other hand other people would be contented with Starbucks. However, Kachra (1997) explains that although you might love Starbucks, you would not like a coffee shop that has been in existence in your town for long being faced out of business. According to Schultz et al (2007) the small coffee shops found in most towns gives happiness to more people unlike Starbucks which overcharge their coffee. It is very unethical for a firm like Starbucks to overprice their products since they know they are alone in the market after displacing other businesses therefore people will lack other options. Moreover, they disregarded other small business by being selfish and negatively facing them off gaining all the clients and profits. Fellner (2008) observes th at the company did not value people but considered them as sources of profits. Their technique of expansion does not have goodwill and they are also not motivated rightfully. Simon (2009) observes that the company does not also comply with their set legislations. This is because Starbucks motto clearly elaborates they will treat their clients dignity and respect. However, no dignity or respect is shown to their clients or even the communities. According to Olsen (1994), Starbucks